Centralisation: Three Lords and Nine Ministers
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The Three Lords and Nine Ministers system was a central administrative system implement in Qin Dynasty. Officials be divided into three and nine posts, each of them played a different role. This system prevents secession which is the tough issue always exist in the Warring States. As local seignior has territory, status but no army, power. Most part of power concentrate on the nine ministers and the central government. Qin Shi Huang Di implemented this system achieved the real meaning of unified.
Three Lords referred to three highest rank officials in the imperial government, namely:
The Three Lords and Nine Ministers system was continually using after Qin until Sui Dynasty.
Three Lords referred to three highest rank officials in the imperial government, namely:
- the Chancellor (Chengxiang)
- the Imperial Secretary (Yushidaifu)
- the Grand Commandant (Taiwei)
- the Minister of Ceremonies (Taichang)
- the Supervisor of Attendants (Guangluxun)
- the Commandant of Guards (Weiwei)
- the Minister of Coachman (Taipu)
- the Commandant of Justice (Tingwei)
- the Grand Herald (Dahonglu)
- the Director of the Imperial Clan (Zongzheng)
- the Grand Minister of Agriculture (Dashinong)
- the Small Treasurer (Shaofu)
The Three Lords and Nine Ministers system was continually using after Qin until Sui Dynasty.
The Great Wall (Meng Tian's argument)
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The Great Wall was built for protecting the northern border from Xiongnu. It was first built in Warring States period. Qin Shi Huang was very focused on attacking the interracial from north and south. He ordered to reconstruct it is for protect civilian‘s life properties. Also, it reduced the burden for people. If there was no Great wall, large amount of soldiers have to be sent to the north to against Xiongnu, because Xiongnu is nomads, their range of activity is very large. But the historical records blamed Qin Shi Huang for the suffering of building Great Wall. Actually, Qin Shi Huang didn't create the Great Wall, the northern wall was incomplete, he just connected the original walls which were built by Qin, Zhao and Yan.
Burning of books and burying of scholars (Li Zhi's argument)
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Duke Xiao of Qin, the Legalism philosopher who enacted numerous reforms in Qin and Legalism and Confucianism are antithetic. As a result of it the situation of "no Confucianism" existed in Qin. There was no Confucian figure and the Confucianism had low status in Qin. During the Warring States period, the wang named Ying Ze invited Xunzi, the famous Confucianism philosopher come to Qin. After Ying Ze, the Qin's dictators began using Confucian people governed the country and tried to merge the two philosophy together. Especially respecting to the elder had been in laws and became a moral code. Li Si, the officer who recommended to burn the books was Xunzi's student, he must know the value of Confucianism and he wouldn't put it to extinction. It isn't hard to see the purpose of Book Burning actually wasn't to extinguish Confucianism, it was ban of private education. The burning books didn't include medicine, planting and divination, which keep the utilization value of Confucianism. And the directive was only given to civilians, all the books were stored in the royal and the officer's houses were preserved. Qin Shi Hang was not as foolish as burning all the books. For the burying of scholars, first thing should say is the emperor kill the people that have different politics with him is very common occurrence in history. However, we are not able to know if Qin Shi Huang really burying the scholars only from some historical records that were written by posterity. The first record contained the content of burying scholars was in the early stage of Western Han Dynasty, by the Confucianism philosopher, Kong Anguo, who was the 12th offspring of Confucius. But between the time period of Qin an Han, there was no Confucianism scholar says anything about burying scholars, that made it more impractical. In conclusion, the burying of scholars was very possibly made up by some people, rather than Qin Shi Huang did.
Couture and Economy
Qin Shi Huang also unified the unit of measure and writing to strengthen the merge of different national cultures and the communication and development of economy. In the result of it, from 1 kilometer to 1000 kilometer, no matter how far the distance is, at least the people knows how to write and read, they can achieve accessible communication even they have different cultures and languages.