By studying the two emperors Octavian and Qin Shi Huang Di, students can learn more about the two great empires, Rome and China, how were they established and how different or similar were the polices, laws, military affairs of two ancient civilizations. Also, study the founders of two great empires can refer to Great Man theory: due to their personal charisma, intelligence or wisdom utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact. Ancient Rome and China, two once prosperous empires in world history, we should refer their highly influential individuals, Octavian and Qin Shi Huang to better understand and decide the issue we face nowadays in social development and construction. Try to avoid make the same mistakes as those historical figures did.